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(B) According to Malus' Law,the intensity of polarized light $I$ passing through a polaroid is given by the formula: $I = I_0 \cos^2 	heta$ where $I_

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$I_0/2$

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(B) According to Malus' Law,the intensity of polarized light $I$ passing through a polaroid is given by the formula: $I = I_0 \cos^2 	heta$ where $I_0$ is the intensity of the incident light and $	heta$ is the angle between the transmission axis of the polaroid and the plane of polarization of the incident light. Given $	heta = 45^{\circ}$,we substitute the value into the formula: $I = I_0 \cos^2(45^{\circ})$ Since $\cos(45^{\circ}) = \frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}$,we have: $I = I_0 \left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}ight)^2 = I_0 \left(\frac{1}{2}ight) = \frac{I_0}{2}$ Therefore,the intensity of light passing through the polaroid is $I_0/2$.

$A$ polaroid is placed at $45^{\circ}$ to an incoming light of intensity $I_0$. Now,the intensity of light passing through the polaroid after polarization would be:

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